ABC:1 Chronicles 21

Verse 1
Jim Meritt of Infidels asserts there is a contradiction here and asks, "Moved David to Anger?"

2 Samuel 24:1 And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah.

1 Chronicles 21:1 And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.

The passages do "seem" to contradict - not merely because Satan is said to have done the enticing as well as God, but because if God did do the enticing, then it would at first glance make no sense for God to have severely punished David and Israel for numbering Israel like He did with one of the harshest punishments recorded in the Bible. (2 Samuel 24:10-17) As for why both Satan and God would have been said to be involved in the provoking, the likely answer is that God originally allowed Satan to test David as occurred with Job.

The Bible in James 1 makes clear God does not tempt people to do evil:

James 1:13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man: 14 But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. 15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.

The probable solution is that God allowed Satan to try David, perhaps because David and Israel were being disobedient, just like Job had been tested.

Why the Census?
We aren't told what exactly God was punishing David for in 1 Chronicles 21:8, and other censuses were indeed taken without mention of it being a sin. In Numbers 1:1-16 God even specifically commanded Moses - twice - to take a census of warriors similar to what David did here.

Numbers 1:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, 2 Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls; 3 From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies.

Numbers 26:1 And it came to pass after the plague, that the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, saying, 2 Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upward, throughout their fathers' house, all that are able to go to war in Israel.

Ezra 2:1 Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the captivity, of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city;

Revelation 7:3 Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads. 4 And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel.

At any rate, such census-taking can be seen throughout the Bible and nowhere else is called a sin. However, David clearly knew what he'd done was not only wrong but "very foolish" and a great sin.

1 Chronicles 21:7 And God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote Israel. 8 And David said unto God, I have sinned greatly, because I have done this thing: but now, I beseech thee, do away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly.

Therefore, it follows that taking a census itself was not sinful. Rather, something in HOW David took it was sinful, perhaps a specific way of taking it, or his intention in taking it. Unfortunately we just aren't told what this sin was.

Possible Answer, Building God's Temple?
It may be related to God's commandment to David that David was not to build God's temple because he'd shed bled (including the innocent Uriah's - 2 Samuel 11), but that his son Solomon was to build it. God commended David for his noble intention to make a temple for Him, but said "Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood."

1 Chronicles 22:6 Then he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build an house for the LORD God of Israel. 7 And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God: 8 But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight. 9 Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days. 10 He shall build an house for my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever. 11 Now, my son, the LORD be with thee; and prosper thou, and build the house of the LORD thy God, as he hath said of thee.

1 Kings 8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. 18 And the LORD said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thine heart to build an house unto my name, thou didst well that it was in thine heart. 19 Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto my name.

1 Chronicles 17:1 Now it came to pass, as David sat in his house, that David said to Nathan the prophet, Lo, I dwell in an house of cedars, but the ark of the covenant of the LORD remaineth under curtains. 2 Then Nathan said unto David, Do all that is in thine heart; for God is with thee. 3 And it came to pass the same night, that the word of God came to Nathan, saying, 4 Go and tell David my servant, Thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not build me an house to dwell in: 5 For I have not dwelt in an house since the day that I brought up Israel unto this day; but have gone from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle to another. 6 Wheresoever I have walked with all Israel, spake I a word to any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people, saying, Why have ye not built me an house of cedars?

1 Chronicles 28:1 And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem. 2 Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: 3 But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood.

It may be that David tried to get around God's commandment and in his zeal to do a good thing disobeyed God, performing a census of Israel for the purpose of building the temple (which God had specifically told him not to do). Perhaps he thought only to prepare things better for Solomon, or perhaps he indeed intended to fully disobey God and build it himself, thinking God would be pleased with the result when he finished.

That would explain why all Israel was punished instead of just David, as they would have all knowingly disobeyed God's commandment for Solomon to build the temple, not David. A census would involve disobedience from all Israel, explaining why all Israel was punished. Without such a nationwide sin, it is tough to explain why the whole nation was punished.

At any rate, we simply aren't told what the exact sin was and can only hypothesize. It may be the discovery of a later scroll will show a fuller reading of what happened just as the discovery of a Dead Sea Scroll, 4qSama, provided a fuller reading of 1 Samuel 11, revealing more detail about an invader putting out the eyes of enemies.

Verse 5
TheThinkingAtheist.com claims the Bible is wrong about the following passage, and makes the following comments (italicized): Wikipedia also claims this is a contradiction.

2 Samuel 24:9 And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king: and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men that drew the sword; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men.

By my count, 1,300,000 men.

1 Chronicles 21:5 And Joab gave the sum of the number of the people unto David. And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand men that drew sword: and Judah was four hundred threescore and ten thousand men that drew sword.

By my count, 1,100,000 men

The "ThinkingAtheist" omits the crucial verse, 1 Chronicles 21:6, which explains the discrepancy. Unlike in 1 Samuel 24, 1 Chronicles 21 states "But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them." In other words, 1 Chronicles 21 is omitting 2 of the 12 tribes of Israel.

1 Chronicles 21:5 And Joab gave the sum of the number of the people unto David. And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand men that drew sword: and Judah was four hundred threescore and ten thousand men that drew sword. 6 But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them: for the king's word was abominable to Joab.

1.1 million is 85% of 1.3 million, and 5/6 is 83%, so it appears that for whatever reason two fewer tribes are being counted in 1 Samuel 24. Why that might be we can only hypothesize, perhaps a separate count of Levi and Benjamin was performed once it was discovered Joab had disobeyed, and the full amount given in 1 Samuel 24. At any rate, the two accounts are perfectly congruent in light of the fact that two fewer tribes were being counted in the second passage.

Verse 11
Infidels.org's Meritt claims a contradiction exists here concerning the "years of famine."

2 Samuel 24:13: So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him, Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thine enemies, while they pursue thee? or that there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise, and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me.

1 Chronicles 21:11 So Gad came to David, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Choose thee 12 Either three years' famine; or three months to be destroyed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even the pestilence, in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the coasts of Israel. Now therefore advise thyself what word I shall bring again to him that sent me.

Although hypothetically it is possible, as pointed out by CARM, that "the duration of the famine was reduced from seven to three years after David prayed for mercy from the Lord," this is not indicated by the text in any way.

Rather, this appears to be a clear scribal error. The scribe copying an older text probably made a mental error, confusing the 3-year famine mentioned in 2 Samuel 21:1 with the 7-year potential famine in 2 Samuel 24:13 and 1 Chronicles 21:11.

2 Samuel 21:1 Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the LORD. And the LORD answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites.

It's really not hard to see how such a mistake could be made as the chapters are close together. Fortunately God preserved similar events in 3 different books (which were each subdivided into the 2 of each we have today), Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles so that by comparing them today we can deduce what really happened in the rare cases of scribal errors such as this. The real number is likely 7 years, with the scribe confusing the 3-year famine mentioned in 2 Samuel 21.

Possible Answer
The only possibility that in my mind seems an alternate explanation to scribal error is that provided by Answers In Genesis' Michael Belknap:

"So according to the text, numbering the people was nearly a year-long process, and there is no clear indication that God had suspended the initial three-year famine prior to the events in chapter 24. Now if God had combined three additional years of famine (1 Chronicles 21:12) with the three years of initial famine, and a possible intervening year while the census was conducted, the resulting overall famine would have totaled about seven years (2 Samuel 24:13)." -Michael Belknap, Answers In Genesis

Verse 25
TheThinkingAtheist.com claims the Bible is wrong about the following passage, and makes the following comments:

2 Samuel 24:24: And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I will surely buy it of thee at a price: neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the LORD my God of that which doth cost me nothing. So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. 50 shekels.

1 Chronicles 21:25: So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by weight. 600 shekels.

There is no definite contradiction here because different things are mentioned as being purchased. As numerous commentaries point out, the first passage mentions the purchase price for the threshing floor and oxen for 50 shekels, while the second passage gives the price paid for the entire site. Answers In Genesis concludes, "The account found in 2 Samuel 24 records only David’s purchase of the threshing floor and oxen... the account in 1 Chronicles 21 records a higher price for the full purchase, including the surrounding land."